The Effect of Expertise on the Relation between Implicit and Explicit Attitude Measures:An formation Availability/Accessibility Perspective

In this paper, three experiments investigate the role of expertise as a moderator of the relationship between implicit and explicit measures of attitudesobject knowledge and expertise; attitude measurement; implicit measures of attitudes; Implicit Association Test

Two-dimensional wave propagation in layered periodic media

We study two-dimensional wave propagation in materials whose properties vary periodically in one direction only. High order homogenization is carried out to derive a dispersive effective medium approximation. One-dimensional materials with constant impedance exhibit no effective dispersion. We show that a new kind of effective dispersion may arise in two dimensions, even in materials with constant impedance. This dispersion is a macroscopic effect of microscopic diffraction caused by spatial variation in the sound speed. We analyze this dispersive effect by using high-order homogenization to derive an anisotropic, dispersive effective medium. We generalize to two dimensions a homogenization approach that has been used previously for one-dimensional problems. Pseudospectral solutions of the effective medium equations agree to high accuracy with finite volume direct numerical simulations of the variable-coefficient equations

Solar timber kilns: State of the art and foreseeable developments

Analysis of the evolution in solar heated drying kilns in recent decades shows that there have been a series of modifications to optimize their thermal and drying efficiency. Using an analysis method based on product design, we report on existing solar timber kilns. The dryers and their component units are studied, developments are noted, focusing on changing trends in technological systems. As a result of this analysis we suggest some future adaptations

Model and simulation of a solar kiln with energy storage

A solar kiln with energy storage can be used for continuous drying. This kiln consisted of several units which were modeled to simulate it in operation. A model was proposed for each unit, and another based on laboratory tests for drying a wooden board by passing air across. These models were combined to produce a global model. Simulation results were then analyzed and showed that the use of storage was justified to reduce drying time. Moreover, with the judicious use of storage and air renewal, drying schedules could be produced for a better quality of dried wood

An oriented-design simplified model for the efficiency of a flat plate solar air collector

In systems design, suitably adapted physical models are required. Different modelling approaches for a solar air collector were studied in this paper. First, a classical model was produced, based on a linearization of the conservation of energy equations. Its resolution used traditional matrix methods. In order to improve the possibilities for use in design, the behaviour of the collector was next expressed in terms of efficiency. Lastly, simplified models constructed from the results obtained with the classical linearized model, and explicitly including the design variables of the collector, were proposed. These reduced models were then evaluated in terms of Parsimony, Exactness, Precision and Specialisation (PEPS). It was concluded that one of them (D2), using a low number of variables and of equations, is well suited for the design of solar air collector coupled with other sub-systems in more complex devices such as solar kiln with energy storag

Whence brand evaluations ? Investigating the relevance of personal and extrapersonal associations in brand attitudes

A recent conceptualization of the structure of attitudes proposes that people may hold associations that contribute to their personal attitudes about an object (personal associations) but also highly salient associations that do not contribute to their attitudes toward the object (extrapersonal associations; Olson and Fazio 2004). We conducted three studies with brands in the automobile industry to investigate the applicability of this new association typology to consumer attitude domains. Study 1 suggests the presence of extrapersonal associations for all brands investigated, by showing that some highly salient brand associations indeed contribute to brand attitudes but other similarly salient associations do not. Experimental data in Study 2 indicate that an individual difference, consumer expertise with the category, impacts the accessibility of personal associations in a brand evaluation context. Study 3 further strengthens the validity of the new typology by showing that it can meaningfully explain the different types of associations made accessible by persuasive messages. Taken together, our three studies provide strong support for Olson and Fazio’s (2004) framework and highlight its value for a better understanding of the nature of the brand associations that shape consumer brand attitudes. 2personal association; extrapersonal associations; attitudes; brand

Essays in Female Labor Supply in Ecuador

This is a solo-authored dissertation that contains three papers that each examines a specific aspect of the labor supply in the Ecuadorian labor market between 2007 and 2017. The chapters of this dissertation all use data from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment, and Underemployment; in Spanish Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo (ENEMDU) to empirically examine labor supply in the Ecuadorian labor market, specifically female labor supply. The first chapter analyzes the impact on labor supply of the last increment of the cash transfer under the Human Development Credit (BDH) program in Ecuador. This study employs a difference-in-differences approach, comparing poor households that receive the transfer with poor households that are not part of the program. Empirical results reveal that households that are part of the program, on average, increased their labor supply by 2.5 hours at the intensive margin and by 7.23 percentage points at the extensive margin. More importantly, results reveal that women increased their labor supply at the intensive and extensive margin by 1.65 hours, and by 5.63 percentage points respectively, while results for men are not statistically significant. The second chapter explores married women’s labor supply elasticities in Ecuador between 2007 and 2017. Specifically, the focus of this chapter is to examine how married women’s hours of work respond to their income from labor, and non-labor income. Overall, empirical results suggest that between 2007 and 2017, hours wage elasticities increased, whereas hours non-labor income elasticities and participation non-labor income elasticities appear to had a minimum increment. The third chapter adds to the second by analyzing the labor supply responses of single women in Ecuador between 2007 and 2017. Like in the second chapter, this chapter examines how single women’s hours of work respond to their income from labor and non-labor income on the intensive and extensive margin. Empirical results show that during the last decade, the labor supply responsiveness of single women in Ecuador has remained relatively constant